Implementation of Minimum Wages Policies in Malysia

In Malaysia, in the private sectors, the wages of an employee had always been a matter of consensus between an employer and an employee depending on the elasticity of demand and supply in the labor market. It is not subjected to any government or legislative intervention, thought de facto minimum wage may exist as a result of custom and extra-legal pressure from unions. This matter which may be agrees upon between employer and the employee. However, the Parliament had recently passed new laws to impose the minimum wages of an employee. Background to Minimum Wages in Malaysia The National Minimum Wages initiative for Malaysia was announced by the Prime Minister in his Budget Speech on 15 October 2010. It is one of the†¦show more content†¦Reductions in Training. Another channel of adjustment consistent with the competitive framework is the possibility that employers might reduce their expenditures on job training for low-wage workers. Reductions in Non-Wage Benefits. Within the competitive framework, employers might respond to a minimum-wage increase by lowering the value of non-wage benefits, such as health insurance and pension contributions. Changes in Employment Composition. Employers may adjust to a higher minimum wage by upgrading the skill level of their workforce, rather than cutting the level of their staffing. This process could conceivably work against the employment prospects of less-educated and less-experienced workers, especially, the argument goes, school-problems teens. Higher Prices. Employers may respond to a higher minimum wage by passing on the added costs to consumers in the form of higher prices. In a purely competitive economy, where all firms are experiencing the same increase in labor costs in response to a minimum-wage increase, economic theory predicts that at least a portion of the cost increase will be passed through to consumers. Improvements in Efficiency. The institutional model of the labor market suggests that employers may respond to a minimum-wage increase with efforts to improve operational efficiency including tighter human resource practices..., increased performance standardsShow MoreRelatedSingapore MACRO environment3115 Words   |  13 Pagespolitical stability were maintained by the paternal guidance of the PAP. Therefore, Singapore is not administered by politicians, but by bureaucrats, in a meritocracy where power is gained through skill, performance, and loyalty to the nation and its policies. Dominance of government-controlled companies exists in the local economy. However, in spite of its powerful position, the Singapore government has maintained a clean, corruption-free image. Conflicts within the leadership in Singapore are rare

The Many Types Of Curcuma - 836 Words

Curcuma are highly important genus of Zingiberaceae mostly contain spice plants with very high medicinal value. Among them few species are being cultivated but majority of them are wild, endemic or endangered in nature. Therefore, these species are being depleted from nature due to extensive collection, biopiracy and habitat destruction. Curcuma longa have very well explore species but other two non-conventional species of Curcuma like Curcuma caesia and Curcuma aromatica species are still unknown due to their unavailability and extensive use by the tribal people for medicine as well as spice. Traditional methods based on phenotypic observations for identifying Curcuma varieties in Curcuma spp. are slow and have limitations. However, new†¦show more content†¦The knowledge of genetic variability is a pre requisite to study the evolutionary history of a species, as well as for other intraspecific variation, genetic resource conservation etc. (Islam et al. 2007). Hence, geneti c diversity and gene differentiation through molecular marker analysis are essential for their taxonomic relationship evaluation, conservation and sustainable utilization. For proper conservation programme it is essential to characterize the plants genetically. Number of molecular markers is being regularly used for studying genetic relations, population genetics, genetic characterizations in different plant groups and cultivars. The molecular markers are not influenced by the external environmental factor unlike that of morphological markers and hence accurately testify the genetic relationship between and among plant groups. Molecular markers like RAPD, ISSR and SSR are being used regularly for genetic diversity assessment as a thorough knowledge of the level and distribution of genetic variation is essential for conservation (Dreisigacker et al. 2005; Sharma et al. 2008; Naik et al. 2010; Das et al. 2011). 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Both carrageenan types yielded near zero-order profiles in drug release tablet formulations. The tablet compression pressures had little to no effect on the profiles from 70 to 175 MPa. It was found out that while drug loading increased from 5% to 20%, the exponent of diffusionRead MoreAyurveda1337 Words   |  6 PagesArticles / Health Treatments India’s Ancient Medicine - Ayurveda What is Ayurveda? Considered by many scholars to be the oldest healing science, Ayurveda is a holistic approach to health that is designed to help people live long, healthy, and well-balanced lives. The term Ayurveda is taken from the Sanskrit words ayus, meaning life or lifespan, and veda, meaning knowledge. It has been practiced in India for at least 5,000 years and has only recently became popular in Western culturesRead MoreIssues Among Today s Latent Fingerprint Detection Techniques1281 Words   |  6 PagesThese methods use chemicals, light sources and other techniques to enhance latent ridge marks on materials that prove difficult to successfully identify and lift prints from. These surfaces include certain types of metals, porous surfaces, and certain kinds of paper. We will discuss three types of latent finger print enhancement that are relatively new or still in the beginning stages of testing, two chemical, elctrochromism and yellow 3 (curcumin), and one light based enhancement, infrared chemicalRead MoreAntimicrobial and Other Therapeutic Properties of Spices 1049 Words   |  5 Pagescontent and oleoresins present in the spices have given them the flavoring and aroma. In addition, the essential oil can also act as a natural preservative in foods (Ceylan and Fung, 2004). 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The purposeRead MoreIf You Lived 1000 Years Ago, How Could You Heal Yourself?1846 Words   |  8 Pagesmedicin e uses a holistic approach, which means the whole body is connected, and to have perfect health requires caring for physical, mental and spiritual status. Despite the fact that it has been confirmed that some types of alternative medicine are ineffective, there are types which could have many benefits if used as a complement to conventional medicine. For example, the Chinese have been using acupuncture for centuries to relieve pains in joints and teeth. Also, another valuable practice is herbalismRead MoreMedimix4051 Words   |  17 PagesCholayil company calls Medimix ayurvedic soap ‘Miracle Line’. Currently Medimix Ayurvedic soap is available in 3 variants.Medimix Ayurvedic soap is handmade,whose formulation has been proven with time and promises relief from pimples, body odour and many other skin infections. Medimix Ayurvedic soap variant for dry skin contains unique Ayurvedic formulation of the vegetable Glycerine and Lakshadi oil to provide better lather, natural fragrance and control dryness of skin.Medimix Ayurvedic soap variantRead MoreThe Medico Religious Plants Of Assam, India2828 Words   |  12 Pages The research for this study will include discovering the types of holy plants used, what parts of the plants are used and what is the purpose of the plant within the performance of a ritual or other ceremony? Also with the three peoples being studied, what are the differences in use of plants for each group? What are the similarities? Are there any variations on the type of plant species used, or variation on the performance of ritual or ceremony, with similarRead MoreAmpalaya3819 Words   |  16 Pagesof sugar in the urine. Diabetes is classified into 2 categories: Type 1: Insulin dependent (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type 2: Non-insulin dependent) NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes. 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Sociology for Concepts of Race and Ethnicity- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSociology for Concepts of Race and Ethnicity. Answer: Introduction to the concepts race and ethnicity Ethnicity refers to the distinction in the cultural practices and perspectives of the people depending on their heritage. The groups of people following the same religious cultural and the language help in the identification of the various aspects to which the people belongs. On the other hand, the Race refers to the identification of the varied biological distinctions in the people and thereby classifying them into groups based on their respective activities. According to Hill and Lian (2013), Race and ethnicity refers to groups of people, which are differentiated on the basis of biological and cultural standpoints respectively. It helps in the identification of the customs and the religion that the people follow and the customs that forms the heritage of their culture. The purpose of undertaking the discussion depends on the understanding of the factors of ethnicity and racism and the manner in which it affects the society of Singapore being a multiracial nation. The discussion hel ps in identifying the different attributes through which the race and ethnicity can be judged and the manner in which it influences the culture of the nation as a whole. The manner in which Racism and ethnicity is handled in Singapore The prime minister of Singapore Mr. Lee desires to encourage the gracious behavior and thereby foster positive social norms to be induced in the values of the society to justify the diversity in the society of the nation. The higher authorities of the nation has taken steps to understand varied needs of the people based on the culture and aims at undertaking a non- coerced policy for the nation which has helped in fostering improvements in the social life. On the other hand, the establishment of the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations (SCCC) has helped the nation in managing the diversity. It has also helped the nation to undertake a strong hold on the cultural systems and thereby promote the same to enhance the growth of the Chineseness in the nation. The evolution of the SCCC works as a bridge, according to the prime minister, that inks the pasts and the future of the nation in strong bonds. The identification of the different cultures that flourished in the nation an d thereby planning a supportive framework for the culture helps in sustaining the diversity in the multiracial nation (Straitstimes.com., 2018). Singapores government has facilitated the growth of the culture and the perpetual nurturing of the same through the establishment of association that encourages people to stick on to the culture. The formation of the SCCC has also helped the nation in intermingling with the different culture since its colonization, which has helped the nation in enriching the cultural heritage of the nation. Currently, the government of the nation under the authority of Mr. Lee has evolved a culture of promoting equality among the people from the various cultures. It has helped the nation in imbibing new cultures in the society and the lifestyle of the people. The traditional culture of the nation and the modernization in the mindset of the people has brought about changes in the systems of the nations. Singapores specific brand and management of multiracialism The multiracialism of the nation has helped the same in evolving the new trends that supports the different cultures that are prevalent in Singapore. The transformation of the lifestyle of the people living in the nation has highly influenced their change of loyalty towards different political parties, which favored them with the growth in the nation. The Chinese people are adaptable to the changes, which has helped them in sustaining in the regions. The multiracialism of the nation has helped in identifying the modifications in the society. Singapores history as a plural society The history of Singapore refers to the pre-colonial era before 1819, when the British infiltrated the nation. Since its inception, the island was named Temasek, which was recorded in Chinese sources as Dan Ma Xi. The changes that were encountered by the nation was devised on the cultural diversity and the infiltration of the different cultures that influenced the existing cultures of the people living in the nation. The political changes in the nation have helped in creating an adaptable climate for the people living in the nation. The different aspects of the transition in the politics of the nation have helped in the evolution of the cultures of the nation. On the other hand, the adaptable nature of the Chinese people has helped in sustaining their cultures in the Singaporean grounds. The plural society of Singapore is facilitated through the liberalism and the shifts in the political systems of the nation. It has helped the people in adapting themselves to the different situations , thereby making the culture more valid and rich. Multiracialism of handling plural societies Singapore, because of its colonial origins even before it became a multicultural society helped in creating the multicultural attribute of the nation. The various aspects of the change in the structure and the political situation of the nation has facilitated in identifying the different promises of the plural society. The manner in which the other plural societies are handled is different from the manner in which Singaporean government handles the same. It aims at promoting the means of creating awareness of the culture and the heritage among the people and thereby promotes the Singaporean Chinese culture, which might be different from the cultures adapted by the Malaysian and the Indian changes culture. It has helped the nation in integrating the people living in the multiracial nations. The adaptation of the CMIO multiculturalism activities has helped the nation in undertaking steps to develop the various characteristic of the changes through the migration and the other activities of the people residing in the nation. Mr. Lee stated that the nation is focused on creating an integration among the people and not simply assimilating the diversity (Rocha, 2012). It will be helping the nation in imbibing the cultural trends and thereby evolve eventually over time. Multiracialism as the states top down nation-building The determination of the needs of the people living in the society helps the nation in identifying the key aspects of the diversity management that the authorities of the nation are required to undertake to facilitate the needs of the people. The adaptability of the people living in the nation has helped in evolution of the different cultures and variation in the trends of Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Eurasian cultures. The exposition to the different cultures has helped the Singaporean governments to manage the diversity in the nation. The multiracialism has helped the nation in building as per the inputs of the same (Lian, 2016). On the other hand, the chief determinants of the change in the culture are based on the determination of the incubation of the Chinese culture in the nation through the utilization of the Chinese language. Chinese language is used as a top most priority to determine the needs of the country to adhere to the ancient culture of the nation. The nation is more focused on evolving the culture of the same holding on to the traditional inputs (Hassan, 1976). Evolving stratification and relations between race, class, culture, identities The nations initiative to undertake a build on the culture through the formation of the SCCC helped in identifying the needs of the nation to bring in changes in the structure of the nation as per the needs of the people belonging to the different races and cultures. The assertive functioning of the nation depends on the understanding of the cultural dilemma that is faced by the nation while determining a single culture to rule over the nation (Beng-Huat Kuo, 2014). The key aspects of the change that is undertaken by the nation is based on the understanding the needs of the people residing in the nation. On the other hand, the decision that is undertaken by the authorities of the nation helps in identifying the shifts in the culture, which has affected the livelihood of the people. The unification of the racial and the ethnic backgrounds of the people are supported by the policies that are formed by the government of the nation. The policies have helped in identifying the needs of t he different communities and the manner in which the racial and ethnic groups can be integrated (Fee, 1999). The unified approach of the government has helped the nation to make its progress in the diversity management and thereby the careful study of the different groups that are prevalent in the Singaporean society has helped the government in adhering to the needs of the people. On the other hand, Beng-Huat and Kuo (2014) stated that the cultures and the heritage of the communities are not exposed to oppression, which has helped in the growth of the multiracial groups in the nation. Thereby the policies of the nation have helped the same in enriching the cultural heritage of the people and sticking on to the same. References Beng-Huat, C., Kuo, E. (2014). The making of a new nation: cultural construction and national identity in Singapore.From Beijing to Port Moresby: The Politics of National Identity in Cultural Policies, 35. Fee, L. K. (1999). The nation-state and the sociology of Singapore.Reading Culture: Textual Practices in Singapore, 37-54. Hassan, R. (Ed.). (1976).Singapore: society in transition(p. 246). Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. Hill, M., Lian, K. F. (2013).The politics of nation building and citizenship in Singapore(Vol. 10). Routledge. Lian, K. F. (2016). Multiculturalism in Singapore: Concept and Practice. InMulticulturalism, Migration, and the Politics of Identity in Singapore(pp. 11-29). Springer, Singapore. Rocha, Z. L. (2012). Multiplicity within singularity: racial categorization and recognizing mixed race in Singapore.Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs,30(3), 95-131. Straitstimes.com. (2018).Singapore's approach to diversity has created a distinctive identity across ethnic groups: PM Lee Hsien Loong.The Straits Times. Retrieved 19 April 2018, from https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/singapolitics/pm-whether-chinese-malay-or-indian-a-singaporean-can-spot-a-fellow-citizen

Summer reading brook wood high school free essay sample

Slaves in ancient times were considered unmans, in contrast to the sasss when slaves or Africans were consider sub humans, inferior to the white people. Http://WV;. Sledgehammer. Org/history- by-era/slavery-and-anti-slavery/resources/facts-about-slave-trade-and-slavery this website verifies the information talking about how slaves were trade across the Atlantic Ocean in horrible conditions. Chose this section of the book because Mrs.. Smith from Ap world was the first person to explain that slaves are not just blacks but can be any race.Thomas Edison was an inventor that provided the basic foundation for genealogy that we still use today and improved on. Thomas Edison created the light bulb, phonograph, the movie camera and much more. These technologies like the light bulb are taken for granted because most of the world uses light from the basic light bulb, led, and flashlights. After numerous failures, Edison finally found the perfect material for the filament, thus replacing the lamps that used kerosene and oil . We will write a custom essay sample on Summer reading brook wood high school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An additional source from http://www. Liveliness. Mom/43424-who-invented-the-light-bulb. HTML challenges who really created the light bulb stating that Edison is credited tit inventing the light bulb, but the article states long before Edison created commercially light bulbs, a man named Alexandra Volta developed the earliest forms of a light bulb. I picked this section because the technological advances Edison and Nikolas Tests allowed our world to have electricity. The rise of computers and the World Wide Web is one of the biggest technological breakthroughs of the 20th century.What was first used for research and communication among scientists soon became a personal appliance for everyone to use beginning with Apple Macintosh and IBM computers. Then an array of computers companies starting making computers for personal use. The evolution of the internet started with dial up which would make a funny noise whenever someone tried to go online. Later came IDS or Broad band internet making life faster. Internet has an influence on everyone in the world excluding third world countries. Internet provides us with all most anything to music, online shopping, social media, news, and the list goes on.In a way internet has digitally connected the world smaller because we can communicate with other people in less than a second by instant messaging, email, and video chat. Http://nutshells. Com/how-the- internet-influenced-our-life/ verifies that internet affects our lives but in a negative way. Selected this topic because I use the internet is now a part of my life and the culture in America. Movie summary 42 is a movie focused on baseball and the segregation laws that separated blacks from playing baseball with white people. The owner of dodgers, Branch Rocky, wanted to change the game of baseball by breaking the color barrier.Rocky told his scouts to look for the right player, and they eventually found Jackie Robinson and brought him in his office to give him an opportunity to play for the Montreal Royals, the minor league team. But Branch Rocky told Jackie Robinson if he wanted to play he need the guts not to fight back, because people from the opposing team and the audiences would be against him. After a great season with the minor league team, Jackie Robinson Was brought up to play in major leagues, but the players on the dodgers are in opposition and petition no t play unless Jackie does not play with them. Eventually the manger Leo Drencher insists that Jackie will play with them, and there are more African Americans coming to play in the near true. During the season, Jackie faces segregation and discrimination, such as not being allowed to stay in certain hotels, racist comments by opposing teams and audiences, being thrown bean balls to his head, and being spiked by cleats. By the end of the season the most of the team worked together to play with Jackie and won enough games to win the pennant which allowed the team to go to World Series. Questions Why did Breach Rocky want to bring a blacks person in baseball?

Sex and the City essays

Sex and the City essays In his day and age we are faced with threats no longer from armies and nations willing to take us over, now we face am enemy with no allegiance to the rules of warfare, with no remorse in taking innocent lives, these vile enemies are known as terrorists they will do anything to justify their cause. Terrorism seems to be increasing in number and in violence, no longer is political facilities at risk but also schools, public buildings etc, anything to bring attention to their cause. Due to all this the world needs some one to put a stop to this madness and thats how Rainbow Six was born. Rainbow Six was a new multi-national, anti-terrorist group set up by a coalition of governments to fight against the threat of international terrorism. The name of this group was chosen by John Clark the head of the organization, due to its international nature. Rainbow was a 'black' organization, meaning it officially did not exist, the controlling governments would deny any knowledge of it. Rainbow was formed to deal with the ever-increasing threat of terrorism. Formed from the top anti-terrorist operatives from the different organizations around the world, making an elite unit now known as Rainbow. Rainbow was based in Hereford, England, the home of the British Army's 22nd Special Air Service Regiment. ...

Moby Dick by Herman Melville Quotes

Moby Dick by Herman Melville Quotes Moby Dick, a famous novel by  Herman Melville, is a classic tale about a ship captains epic quest to find and kill a whale that bit off part of his leg on a previous voyage. The Intercollegiate Studies Institute calls Moby Dick  one of five books every American should read. This novel was first published in 1851 but didnt achieve acclaim until after Melvilles death. Quotes from the epic novel show why it has endured as an American classic. Obsession Ahab, the captain of the ship, is willing to risk everything his ship, his crew, his own life to seek revenge on the elusive whale. These quotes show the depth of his obsessive  ocean quest.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The riveting language still seeps into our culture; part of the third quote in this section was mouthed by  Ricardo Montalbn as his character chased Captain Kirk throughout the galaxy in the 1982 move, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. The path to my fixed purpose is laid with iron rails, whereon my soul is grooved to run. Over unsounded gorges, through the rifled hearts of mountains, under torrents’ beds, unerringly I rush! Naught’s an obstacle, naught’s an angle to the iron way!There is a wisdom that is woe; but there is a woe that is madness. And there is a Catskill eagle in some souls that can alike dive down into the blackest gorges, and soar out of them again and become invisible in the sunny spaces. And even if he for ever flies within the gorge, that gorge is in the mountains; so that even in his lowest swoop the mountain eagle is still higher than other birds upon the plain, even though they soar.Towards thee I roll, thou all-destroying but unconquering whale; to the last I grapple with thee; from hell’s heart I stab at thee; for hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.​ Madness Ahab implies that he is ordained by God to destroy Moby Dick, the white whale that he believes to be evil incarnate. Of note, as Ahab is explaining his obsession in the first quote here, he refers to his chief mate, Starbuck, who served as the inspiration for the name of the well-known coffee chain. What I’ve dared, I’ve willed; and what I’ve willed, I’ll do! They think me mad Starbuck does; but I’m demoniac, I am madness maddened! That wild madness that’s only calm to comprehend itself! The prophecy was that I should be dismembered; and Aye! I lost this leg. I now prophesy that I will dismember my dismemberer.All that most maddens and torments; all that stirs up the lees of things; all truth with malice in it; all that cracks the sinews and cakes the brain; all the subtle demonisms of life and thought; all evil, to crazy Ahab, were visibly personified, and made practically assailable in Moby Dick. He piled upon the whale’s white hump the sum of all the general rage and hate felt by his whole race from Adam down; and then, as if his chest had been a mortar, he burst his hot heart’s shell upon it.

Interpersonal and organisational effectiveness and identify areas for Assignment

Interpersonal and organisational effectiveness and identify areas for professional development - Assignment Example I will use the communication process model to aid in understanding why this critical incident occurred and how such situations can be avoided in the future. There are three types-linear, interactive and transactional models (Johnson, 2014). The basic elements in a communication model involved are: Sender- this is the one who initiates and passes a message. Receiver-this is the person that the message is directed to. Decode-when the receiver translates the message into something one can understand through one’s personal experience or the language one understands. Encoding-this is conversion of the words to symbols is what is known as encoding. (West & Turner, 2011). Channel-this is the medium used to convey the message. Feedback-it is the process the receiver shows whether or not the message has been understood the way the sender intended it. Message-this is the subject of communication. Noise, another major element (Narula, 2006) is considered a way of distorting the message by distracting the receiver. The different processes are: the linear; which involves a sender, message and receiver. The message flows directly from the sender to receiver and this usually does not require feedback. Transactional model has the sender and receiver playing the same roles at the same time (Chaturvedi & Chaturvedi, 2011). It seems ineffective and chaotic especially because noise is usually an element here. Interactive model is an upgrade of linear which allows feedback element because the receiver can send back the message after encoding. From the explanation above, I used the transactional model which was ineffective since I talked most of the time and noise distorted the message due to the shouting as I reprimanded the members. The best model to be used here would have been the interactive model because this would have allowed both parties to exchange words, allowing for a conversation to take place

Theory of planned behavior Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory of planned behavior - Literature review Example The theory of planned behavior focuses on the intention of a person to perform a particular behavior and relates it to the likelihood of the behavior actually being exhibited. This is similar to the original theory of reasoned action. While gauging intention, the model does not simply deal with a binary set of choices (yes or no). Instead, it measures the motivational factors behind the behavior such as how hard one would be willing to try and how much effort they would be willing to put in to perform the behavior. However, it is important to remember that the intention to perform the behavior can only influence the actual performance if the person has volitional control over the behavior i.e. they can decide to perform or not perform the behavior at will. (Ajzen 1991) Another factor that significantly influences the chances of the behavior being expressed is the person’s actual control over the behavior. This refers to the resources at their disposal and the availability of o pportunities requisite for them to perform the behavior (eg: time, money, energy, cooperation, intelligence etc.). For example, a child could intend to participate in the 100 yard race at his school’s annual sports event. He may be willing to try his hardest, run as fast as he can and train as hard as possible. However, if he suffers an injury a day before the event, he would not have the resources necessary (in this case physical fitness) to exhibit the behavior. Therefore, as long as the person has the intention and the actual control necessary to perform the behavior, there is a high likelihood of the behavior being performed (according to the theory of planned behavior). The importance of actual behavioral control is obvious. The resources and opportunities available to the person definitely influence the chances of that behavior being performed to a certain extent. Another important factor is the perceived behavioral control. Perceived behavioral control is what distingu ishes the theory of planned behavior from the theory of reasoned action. It refers to the person’s opinion of how easy or difficult it would be for them to exhibit the behavior in question and their confidence in their ability to do it. Take for example the phenomenon of stunt biking. Almost every teenager who owns a bike would like to be a stunt biker and impress his or her peers with their daring feats. They have the resources required to do it (in this case an open stretch of road and a bike). Still, very few of them actually try doing a ‘wheelie’ or a ‘stoppie’ or any other such stunt, because the rest are not confident of their ability to successfully exhibit this behavior. This is why perceived behavioral control is an important influence in the exhibition of a said behavior and can be used to predict the probability of success of behavioral expression in an individual. The theory of planned behavior has more utility than merely predicting beha vior. It also attempts to explain the behavior, dealing with attitudes and subjective norms which influence the final outcome. The theory suggests that, at the most rudimentary level, the behavioral intent is a function of the person’s salient beliefs with respect to the behavior. These salient beliefs have been further segmented into behavioral beliefs which influence the person’s attitude towards the behavior, normative beliefs which take the influence of subjective norms into consideration and

The Rise of Cloud Computing in Telecommunication Industry Essay Example for Free

The Rise of Cloud Computing in Telecommunication Industry Essay Introduction â€Å"There was a time when every household, town, farm or village had its own water well. Today, shared public utilities give us access to clean water by simply turning on the tap; cloud computing works in a similar fashion.† That was the analogy used by Vivek Kundra, Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the United States Government to depict the use of cloud computing in today’s society. As the corporate world has embarked on the interactive platform of Web 2. 0, some companies are progressing one step ahead to experiment data communication with cloud computing. What is cloud computing? According to Mache Creeger in the article â€Å"Cloud Computing: An Overview†, cloud computing refers a model of shift in the delivery of architecture of information services and data for economic reasons (Creeger, 2009). In this paper, I will present a brief overview of how cloud computing operate, the role of cloud computing in telecommunication industry, the advantages and challenges involved in its implementation. How does cloud computing work? â€Å"Cloud† technically refers to the data center hardware and software used in providing a pay-as-you-go data service to the public. The term â€Å"private cloud†, on the other hand, is used by organizations to refer to their internal data centers (Armbrust, et al., 2010). Cloud computing can be divided into three types of services, namely software-as-a-service (SaaS) for WAN-enabled applications, platform-as-a-service (PaaS) for new applications, and infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) for computational and storage infrastructure (Creeger, 2009). Armbrust, et al. April 2010. [Main components of cloud computing]. Retrieved from â€Å"A View of Cloud Computing† Journal Article. Sometimes, cloud is claimed to be nothing new in data services. Chris Rose, author of the article â€Å"A Break in The Cloud? The Reality of Cloud Computing†, suggests that cloud computing is the merging of existing technologies like networking and virtualization to provide new services that charges by usage (Rose, 2011). Fundamentally, the point of storing data in the cloud, compared to conventional data management, is its high accessibility from a shared and centralized hosts and low cost for the same reason. Not only that, it enables opportunities for enhanced collaboration on a shared common platform (Creeger, 2009). What does cloud computing mean to telecommunication business? Google, Amazon and Salesforce.com were among the earliest companies to set their footsteps in by building data architectures using cloud technology to support their applications. Following that was an increasing number of telecommunication companies around the globe such as KDDI, China Mobile, SingTel that were grabbing their pieces of the pie by joining the pioneers in delivering data services using cloud (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). For these companies, they foresaw cloud services as a lucrative loophole from traditional telecommunication. An article by Accenture entitled â€Å"Six Questions Every Telecommunications Senior Executive Should Ask about Cloud Computing† reports that â€Å"worldwide cloud services revenue was projected to surpass $56.3 billion in 2009, a 21.3 percent increase from 2008 revenue of $46.4 billion, according to Gartner, Inc. The market is expected to reach $150.1 billion in 2013.à ¢â‚¬  (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). Those figures are huge enough to boost revenues for the telecommunication players. Additionally, Tobolski and other authors points out in the same article that cloud computing allows companies to save cost by bypassing most expenses in installing and maintaining their own local data centers (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). These are among of the reasons more telecom companies are investing in the development of cloud technology. However, there are other reasons that make cloud computing an ideal option. For instance, the common application platform used in cloud allows sharing with third parties, hence allowing telecommunication companies to deploy services that either extend their services to or operate independently in cooperating with third parties (Creeger, 2009). They would enjoy a lot more flexibility and less rigidity in their operations with the advantages offered by cloud. Another article, â€Å"Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing, The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry† also highlights that telecommunication industry is at a unique position to integrate and promote new cloud-based services by making use of its existing relationships with customers (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). Such effort would encourage more participation in cloud computing that helps it to grow immensely and gain trusts from more customers. Furthermore, their expertise in building and managing complex networks is another plus point to adopt cloud computing in meeting some industrial needs that traditional data technology was unable to provide (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). In another word, cloud computing can make up to what was previously lacking in the industry. From a technical stand, Internet Protocol (IP) infrastructure owned by telcos also lends itself well to cloud services compared to enterprise infrastructure (Gubbins, 2009). All these instances have proven that cloud computing is a good fit for the telecommunication industry in increasing revenues and efficiency as well as lowering operational costs. Advantages of Cloud Computing i. Economic Advantage/ Cost efficiency As mentioned previously, the application of cloud computing in managing data saves cost for telecommunication companies. How and how much do they save? According to Mache Creeger again, sharing resources and purchasing power of very large-scale multitenant data centers in using cloud can result in an obvious cost cut, from paying as much as $3.75 per month for a gigabyte of managed storage reduced to as low as only 10 to 15 cents per month with cloud storage (Creeger, 2009). For companies that are constantly allocating a huge chunk of expense on keeping their data, cloud computing seems exactly like the great solution to saving on that. This difference in price essentially owes it to the lower physical space of only about 1,000 square feet required in a cloud data center that uses virtualization, instead of 35,000 square feet for a conventional data center. Yet compared to server utilization of between 2 and 3 percent on a usual data center, the one in cloud with virtualization can g o up to 80 percent (Creeger, 2009). Another economic benefit for using cloud is in giving small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) the affordability to invest in a disaster recovery cost. Again using virtualization, disaster recovery mechanism is more cost-effective by requiring 1.05 times the cost of the infrastructure itself, instead of double of that cost if using typical disaster recovery (Creeger 3). Therefore, not only companies get to save on paying for the storage, they even get to pay a lower price to keep their data safe just because it’s a better technology. Additionally, there are other expenses involved in the operation of telecommunication data business that can be significantly reduced. Using the concept of economies of scale, operating on large-scaled cloud data centers at low-cost locations can produce a factor of 5 to 7 decrease in cost of electricity, network bandwidth, operations, software, and hardware (Armbust et al. 3). Armbrust, et al. April 2010. [Main components of cloud computing]. Retrieved from â€Å"A View of Cloud Computing† Journal Article. ii. Flexibility and Shift in Control Besides saving costs, shifting to cloud-based data services results in a certain level of flexibility and technical advantages to the companies. In contrast with traditional data services, cloud capable of being turned on and off as needed and easily expandable by attaching more servers (Joe Tobolski et al. 4). Hence, cloud is more customizable with better control to cater to the needs of different companies. Moreover, Creeger mentions in his article that the increased automation used in cloud computing is another advantage by eliminating the need for on-call system administrators (Creeger, 2009). This means the operation of data service under cloud computing are programmed well in advance without relying on manpower. The shift to a new technology that it is so flexible and cost-effective is almost similar to the technology shift from analog to digital signals. Therefore, it is not surprising if most of the telecommunication and data management companies decide to adopt cloud computi ng in the near future. Risks and Challenges In spite of all the benefits that cloud computing bring to the telecommunication and data industry, it is not without risks in its application. In fact, there is a list of challenges posed by cloud computing that different parties are debating and companies are seeking for solutions. In dealing with data, especially sensitive and confidential ones, security and control have always been one of the major concerns. According to the article â€Å"Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing, The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry†, In cloud computing services, telecommunication providers in have to share customers’ data with cloud computing providers in providing cloud computing services so the challenge is in ensuring they do not lose control over the customers’ data and identity (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). However, Creeger provides a different stand in addressing this challenge in his article. According to him, trusting information assets to a recognized and established cloud service provider could increase the security of customers’ data. Also, many data centers would continuously research and develop better ways to secure their infrastructure and data processed (Creeger, 2009). While no major data breaches cases involving cloud were heard of up to this point, telecom companies simply cannot afford the risking their customers’ data before assured that cloud computing services are at least as safe and stable as the traditional data services. Standardization is another challenge faced by companies in delivering cloud services. There is currently a lack of standardized interfaces for cloud computing and telecommunication services to integrate and it seems that the developers are only interested in making the components cross-compatible between different platforms (Martucci, Zuccato, Smeets, Habib, Johansson, Shahmehri, 2012). It may sound like a temporary solution and as the technologies mature, they will decide if standardized interfaces are necessary after all. This is just part of the lack of measurement standards that make evaluating the performance of cloud-provided services less possible at this moment. Besides security and standards, transparency of the cloud market could be a challenge if telecom companies are smart enough in maintaining good relationships with customers. Cloud computing services would be portrayed as the same as any Internet services and hence when the services go down, people would blog, post and tweet about it and share with people around the world. For example, a service outage that cut 14 percent of Google users from services in 2009 caused an outrage on social media channels (Tobolski, Greenway, Tucker, 2011). Consequently, this would negatively affect the reputation of the service providers. Therefore, aside being its part in avoiding service failures, telecom companies have to take part in social media and respond to customers’ feedbacks and complaints. These risks and challenges are not impossible to overcome but require time and collaborations between cloud providers and telecom computing to produce more promising security and standard. Conclusion Even with a relatively new emergence, cloud computing has a sophisticated and established infrastructure, ready to provide data services for the next generation of service providers. Cloud computing is a technology created to stay in the industry and continue to grow as telecommunication and other corporate companies jump on the bandwagon to benefits from it. While the advantages of implementing cloud computing seem appealing in terms of cost and technical flexibility, companies should always consider its drawbacks and understand the risks before proceeding with the adoption of this technology. With cloud computing becoming part of the telecommunication industry, it brings a new hope to the companies in generating more revenues and overcoming the weaknesses of traditional data services. Hence, it would also improve the quality of service in delivering and managing customers’ data Bibliography Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., et al. (2010, April). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), pp. 50-58. Creeger, M. (2009, June). Cloud Computing: An Overview. Queue Distributed Computing, 7(5). Gubbins, E. (2009, May). How Telcos Could Conquer The Cloud. Telephony, 250(5), pp. 34-35. Martucci, L. A., Zuccato, A., Smeets, B., Habib, S. M., Johansson, T., Shahmehri, N. (2012). Privacy, Security and Trust in Cloud Computing: The Perspective of the Telecommunication Industry . Ubiquitous IntelligenceComputing and 9th International Conference on AutonomicTrusted Computing (UIC/ATC), (pp. 627 632 ). Sweden. Rose, C. (2011). A Break In The Cloud? The Reality of Cloud Computing. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 15(4), 59-63. Tobolski, J., Greenway, A., Tucker, W. (2011, February 15). Six Questions Every Telecommunications Senior Executive Should Ask About Cloud Computing. USA.

Caring For an Aboriginal Patient with Chronic Renal Failure Essay

There's someone's first name in there ********************************************************************************************** Blood and urine studies which are taken from individuals experiencing renal failure manifest deviation in the result and show symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, impaired thought processes, lethargy and headaches. This is due to the decrease in function of the glomerulus causing their inability to filter urea and creatinine in the blood and excrete waste products from the Central Nervous and Gastrointestinal systems (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p.1295). In the assessment, she presented with an itchy face (pruritus) as a result of dry skin, calcium phosphate deposition in the skin and sensory neuropathy (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p. 1298). The client is also experiencing anorexia, nausea and vomiting caused by irritation of the GI tract by waste products which contribute to weight loss and malnutrition (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p. 1297). Glenda’s feeling of lethargy and confusion may be attributed to increase nitrogenous waste products, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis and demyelination of nerve fibers (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p. 1298). Glenda’s laboratory findings was found to have high levels of serum creatinine with 1132 umoL/L and urea level with 45 mmol/L, that is normally 60-130 ummoL/L and 3-8 mmol/L, respectively (Callaghan, 2009, Appendix). This finding may suggest a decrease in glomerular and tubular function in the kidney, when in normal conditions, serve to filter and secre... ...tp://www.kidney.org.au/Kidneydisease/FastFactsonCKD/tabid/589/Default.aspx LaCharity, L. (2013). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care. Missouri (United States). Saunders. Mathers, T. & Bonner, A., (2008). Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease. In Brown, D. & Edwards, H. Lewis’s Medical- Surgical Nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Australia. Elsevier. Stanley, D. (2012). Health, Wellness and Illness. In A. Berman & S. Snyder (Eds). Kozier and Erb Fundamentals of Nursing. French Forest. Pearson Australia. Staunton, P. & Chiarella, M. (2013). Law Nurses and Midwives. Victoria (Australia). Elsevier. Thackrah, R., & Scott, K. (2010). Indigenous Australian Health and Cultures. Australia. Pearson. Thomson, N. (2009). The Health of Indigenous Australians. Victoria, Australia. Oxford University Press.

A Case Study Bank Of China And Hsbc, London

China’s rapidly developing economy is dependent on a banking industry which is controlled by the state. The four public banks of China and the People’s Bank of China have a strong hold over the country’s financial system. The advent of China in WTO in 2001 and globalization has led to a felt need for transformation in the Chinese economy to integrate it with the global economy. The financial sector will need to support this change. An assessment of the state of the Chinese banking industry at present and its future growth is therefore essential.Ideally this can be achieved by benchmarking a Chinese bank and a European Bank, for which purpose a case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London has been carried out. The aim of the research is therefore to undertake an analysis of the Chinese banking systems, processes and products through a case study of the above mentioned banks while the objectives of the research indicate assessment of the overall state of the Chines e banking industry, evaluate implementation of various processes and systems and highlight the areas for growth. A deductive – inductive approach with emphasis on case study has been adopted for the research.Apart from extensive secondary research through literature survey, a detailed questionnaire has been administered to 40 clients across a wide cross section of personal and corporate customers of Bank of China and HSBC, London which has formed the key primary resource for the research. A review of the research sources and questionnaires has revealed that Bank of China has been able to quickly adapt itself to the changing requirements of a globalised financial environment and is providing both personal as well as business banking services to meet its customer’s requirements.HSBC which considers itself as the World’s local bank is providing a complete package of services to the corporate as well as personal client and has been successful in implementing the sam e throughout the World. Its initial forays into China have also underlined the success story. The quality of service in both the banks was seen to be similar, however HSBC provided better follow up and also more services on the internet than Bank of China. The growth trajectory of both the banks indicates that, while HSBC is attempting to grow throughout the World; Bank of China is growing primarily within the Chinese banking system.There are a number of areas for improvement identified in the research which could well be undertaken by Bank of China to include greater efficiency and better customer service, improvement in technology and customer follow up and exploitation of niche areas such as credit cards. The entry of foreign banks will see greater competition in the Chinese banking sector. The need for Chinese banks to adopt global practices is also underlined and it is anticipated that the entry of more global banks as HSBC in China will provide the impetus to this growth.ANALY SIS CHINESE BANKING INDUSTRY SYSTEMS, PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS: A CASE STUDY BANK OF CHINA AND HSBC, LONDON Chapter 1 – Introduction China is a rapidly growing economy which is considered as a model for emerging countries all over the World. The dynamism of an economy lies in an efficient and effective financial system led by the banking sector. The impact of the banking sector on economic growth in China and its contribution to public life has been a matter of debate over the years.China has a banking system which is controlled by the State and thus has a very large influence on the economy. Exclusively controlled by the central government, the four state banks and People’s Bank of China have a very strong hold over the financial system both internally and externally. (China’s Economic System, 2004). However the rapid growth of China towards a socialist market economy has been affecting the banking sector in various ways and Chinese banks have undertaken measures to enhance their efficiency and contribute effectively to the economy.China’s entry into the WTO in 2001 has also necessitated adoption of liberalized norms in line with the global banking and financial industry. To what extent China has been able to adapt these new practices and how these are affecting or likely to affect the growth of the Chinese economy is an issue of great relevance. As China’s economy gets increasingly integrated with the global economy, its financial markets will have to support this union. It is therefore essential to assess the state of the Chinese banking industry at present and its trajectory of growth in the future.A case study approach to this issue is considered relevant for which Bank of China and HSBC, London are selected for review of the systems, processes and products to provide an insight of the financial needs and their fulfillment today and tomorrow. Bank of China is one of the principal banks in the country; it is one of the four banks which are owned by the State in China. (About Bank of China,. 2006). It has been a key central bank of China which has carried out international exchange as well as provided funds and been a point for foreign trade in the country over a period.It conducts a wide variety of services including commercial banking, insurance as well as investment banking. It is one of the largest banks in Asia and has been placed at the 18th position by the Banker Magazine in 2005. (About Bank of China,. 2006). It also has a large overseas presence in 27 countries. The systems, processes and practices followed by the Bank of China would be a good indicator of the state of the Chinese banking industry in both its internal and external dimensions. HSBC is an epitome of a modern bank.Based in London, the Bank had its origins in provision of finance for trading with China in the 19th Century. After China adopted a nationalist communist economy and banking system, HSBC’s presence in the country was limited. However the bank has now retuned with a vigor and strives to make inroads in the highly competitive financial sector where banks with a state monopoly are said to enjoy unprecedented advantage. The Bank is also taking benefit of its old legacy and is already earning profits to the tune of $ 161 million for the first half of 2005.(Schuman, 2006). HSBC in some ways can be seen to be a competitor to the Bank of China, though its reach within China is limited to only 20 branches. (Schuman, 2006). The investments made by HSBC in Chinese financial sector are reported to be $ 4 billion and include almost one fifth stake in China’s fifth largest bank, Bank of Communications and its second largest insurance company, Ping An Insurance with which the Bank of China too has many contracts.A comparative analysis of BOC and HSBC would thus provide us an effective understanding of the state of the banking industry in China in all its operational facets. The dynamic nature of th e research will entail application of a deductive-inductive approach which in practice is adopted by a number of similar research projects keeping in view the importance of both qualitative and quantitative findings. Aim and Objectives. The aim of the research is to undertake an analysis of the Chinese banking industry systems, processes and products through a case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London.Objectives. The research objectives are as follows :- 1. Assess the overall state of the Chinese banking systems, processes and products. 2. Evaluate implementation of systems, practices and processes of the modern banking industry. 3. Evaluate areas for further growth and development by Chinese banks. Chapter 2 – Research Methodology This chapter aims to illustrate the methodology of the research. It describes; common research philosophies, research approaches and the research strategy.Veal (2000) has described research as â€Å"systematic and careful inquiry and search for the truth† or an investigation into a subject to discover facts. What is Research? Research is a well defined area of study of a particular problem or issue in its totality or in specific to a particular area of concern. (Veal, 2000). Research should entail the following characteristics, which will be kept in mind by the author while evaluating the subject (Morgan, 2000):- (a) Systematic collection of data.(b) Analytical interpretation of data. (c) Developing a theory and conclusion. The Research Philosophy Modern research has three models; these are positivism, realism and interpretivism. (Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )). Positivism Positivism entails a scientific stance for research and interpretation of data. Thus only those phenomenon which are observable and measurable are regarded as knowledge. Positivists maintain an independent and objective stance. (Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )). Phenomenology (Interpretivism)This is opposite of the positivistic approach and is known as interp retivism or phenomenology. (Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )). Though positivistic and interpretivism paradigm are two extremes, most researchers use elements of both practices, which is implied in realism. This approach is considered the most appropriate for the project as the writer will be carrying out a comparative analysis of the Chinese and the British Banking system with a case study of the Bank of China vis a vis HSBC, London.Since banking systems are not just financial and economic systems but involve social issues in the context of a broader socio-political environment, a realistic approach to research is considered the most suitable. Research Approach There are two strands, which can be adopted, deductive and inductive. The deductive approach is used when a hypothesis is developed and the research design has to test that hypothesis. The deductive approach is amplified by means of a diagram at Figure 1 (Trochim, 2000). –

My experience Essay

Over the summer, I took a trip to Mission Beach with my family and friends as we do every summer and Christmas break. Each year we always take a night to go to our favorite restaurant, Tower 21. The refreshing atmosphere, top-notch service, and mouth watering food is what we come back for and they never fail to meet our expectations. This last experience, however, was different than what we were expecting. My family and I were all very ecstatic about getting dressed up and eating delicious food after our long week of burgers and hotdogs by the campfire. When we pulled up to the valet for the restaurant we were greeted with a smile and a quick valet parking process. This was not something out of the ordinary, more of something expected. As we entered the entrance of the restaurant, again, we were greeted with friendly faces that immediately sat us at our reserved table. Our waitress then came to our table and introduced herself very nicely, just as we expected. The beginning of our meal went exceptionally well. Our waitress and bus boy even had a few personal conversations with my family making us feel even more comfortable at the restaurant. But once again, this was something that we always had the pleasure of enjoying when it came to the guest service. After our appetizers were finished, that was when the whole experience changed. Around the corner we could all see our entrees coming our way. The entrees were served with happy faces all around the table. After our waitress made sure everything had come to the table, she went back to her other tables. Each of us began to cut into our steaks in front of us. Immediately you could see disappointment on a few of my family members faces. What they expected to be a perfectly medium rare steak ended up being a medium well steak. At this moment our â€Å"experience† turned to a downward slope. My father called over the waitress to tell her about our complaint. She apologized for the over cooked steaks and had them sent back to the kitchen for new ones. The manager of the restaurant along with our waitress brought over the brand new steaks to make sure they were properly cooked. Of course, this time they were even better than perfect.

Glass essays

Glass essays Glass is a material that is used in our homes, workplaces, and forms of transportation. It is most commonly seen in the form of windows, which protects us against the elements without obstructing our vision. In our vehicles, we use it to see places that we would normally have to turn around to see. In eyeglasses and contact lenses it allows us to see better. It conducts heat easily, but does not conduct electricity at all. It is also used for decoration such as vases, clocks, mirrors, and even stained glass. Glass is commonly referred to as a highly viscous liquid. It is not a solid because its molecules arent in a crystalline pattern. Instead, the particles are arranged as if it were a liquid, but frozen in place. It can be transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is non-porous, non-absorptive, and can be used with the common elements and many harsh chemicals and liquids. It is one of the best electrical insulation materials, and because it is made of silica or contains it, it is considered a ceramic. It is also considered a thermoplastic in some cases because it can melt when heated and reform when cooled over again. First appearing in nature, glass existed before man discovered it. A common natural glass is obsidian, the molten glass from volcanoes. Obsidian is composed of three ingredients; sand, soda, and lime. The same ingredients in different amounts also make up manufactured glass. About fifty other chemical elements are used in modern glassmaking to give it desired properties. Glass is an open chain of silicon atoms with atoms of various oxides occupying the spaces between. The loose structure is what permits its transparent property. Today, the average batch mix used to manufacture flat glass products is about seventy percent silica sand, thirteen percent lime, twelve percent soda, and small amounts of other additives. One quarter of the batch is cleaned and crushed glass from ...

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian Talking about what you can and can’t do is a basic cornerstone of everyday conversation, so you’re going to want to know the verb â€Å"potere† and its conjugations inside and out. What’s more, it’s an irregular verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -ere verb ending pattern. Below you’ll find all of its conjugation tables as well as examples. Some definitions of â€Å"potere† include: To be able toCanMay What to know about potere: It’s a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object.When it’s used as a modal verb, it usually takes the auxiliary verb required by the verb it is paired with.The infinito is â€Å"potere†.The participio passato is â€Å"potuto†.The gerund form is â€Å"potendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo potuto†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io posso noi possiamo tu puoi voi potete lui, lei, Lei pu loro, Loro possono Esempi: Possiamo andare al Colosseo? - Can we go to the Coliseum?Mi puà ² aiutare? - Can you help me? (formal)Loro possono fare tutto quello che vogliono. - They can do whatever they want. Il passato prossimo io ho potuto noi abbiamo potuto tu hai potuto voi avete potuto lui, lei, Lei ha potuto loro, Loro hanno potuto Esempi: L’anno scorso ho guadagnato un sacco di soldi, cosà ¬ ho potuto comprare una nuova macchina!   - Last year I earned a bunch of money, so I was able to buy a new car.Non ti abbiamo potuto aspettare. - We couldn’t wait for you. L’imperfetto io potevo noi potevamo tu potevi voi potevate lui, lei, Lei poteva loro, Loro potevano Esempi: C’erano tante lingue tra cui potevo scegliere ad imparare, perà ² alla fine, ho scelto l’Italiano. - There were a lot of languages I could have chosen to learn, but in the end, I chose Italian.Quando mi ha raccontato la storia, non ci potevo credere! - When he told me the story, I couldn’t believe it! Il trapassato prossimo io avevo potuto noi avevamo potuto tu avevi potuto voi avevate potuto lui, lei, Lei aveva potuto loro, Loro avevano potuto Esempi: Non avevo mai potuto studiare all’estero. - I had never been able to study abroad.Era il massimo che loro avevano potuto fare. - It was the maximum they had been able to do. Il passato remoto io potei/potetti noi potemmo tu potesti voi poteste lui, lei, Lei pot/potette loro, Loro poterono/potettero Esempi: L’esercito di Napoleone non potà © sopravvivere nella campagna sperduta della Russia durante l’inverno. - Napoleon’s army couldn’t survive in the hopeless countryside of Russia during the winter.I nostri bisnonni non poterono/potettero viaggiare dapertutto come possiamo attualmente. - Our great-grandparents couldn’t travel anywhere like we can now. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi potuto noi avemmo potuto tu avesti potuto voi aveste potuto lui, lei, Lei ebbe potuto essi, Loro ebbero potuto Esempi: Quando i bambini ebbero potuto, mangiarono le caramelle. - When kids were could, they ate candies.Continuai a ripetere la stessa frase, finchà ¨ Mary ebbe potuto capire. - I kept repeating the same sentence, until Mary was able to understand. TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing, and that’s about it. Il futuro semplice io potr noi potremo tu potrai voi potrete lui, lei, Lei potr loro, Loro potranno Esempi: Quando tornano a casa, potremo andare a cena. - When they return home, we will be able to go to dinner.Potranno guardare il film con noi? - Will they will be able to watch the movie with us? Il futuro anteriore io avr potuto noi avremo potuto tu avrai potuto voi avrete potuto lui, lei, Lei avr potuto loro, Loro avranno potuto Esempi: Avevi il pomeriggio libero, avrai potuto dedicarti a te stessa! - You had a free afternoon, you must have dedicated time to yourself! Come avrete potuto notare avete passato l’esame! - As you will have noticed, you passed the exam! CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente io possa noi possiamo tu possa voi possiate lui, lei, Lei possa loro, Loro possano Esempi: Penso che, dato che ho gi il visto, io possa vivere in Italia per un anno. - Given that I already have a visa, I think that I live in Italy for a year.Sono contenta che tu possa venire con noi. - I’m happy that you can come with us. Il passato io abbia potuto noi abbiamo potuto tu abbia potuto voi abbiate potuto lui, lei, Lei abbia potuto loro, Loro abbiano potuto Esempi: Sono felice che Leonardo abbia potuto aiutarti. - I’m happy that Leonardo was able to help you.Non siamo sicuri se abbiano potuto trovare la scuola. - We’re not sure if they were able to find the school. L’imperfetto io potessi noi potessimo tu potessi voi poteste lui, lei, Lei potesse loro, Loro potessero Esempi: Speravo che lui potesse aiutarmi! - I hoped that he would be able to help me!Credeva che potesse cercare un nuovo lavoro senza problemi. - She believed she would be able to find a new job without problems. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi potuto noi avessimo potuto tu avessi potuto voi aveste potuto lui, lei, Lei avesse potuto loro, Loro avessero potuto Esempi: Vorrei che loro avessero potuto vederci! - I wish they could have seen us!Loro sono entrati alla festa, senza che la padrona di casa avesse potuto fare niente. - They showed up at the party, without the owner of the house could have done anything. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io potrei noi potremmo tu potresti voi potreste lui, lei, Lei potrebbe loro, Loro potrebbero Esempi: Potrei andarci, perà ² non voglio. - I could go there, but I don’t want to.Lei vuole viaggiare? Potrebbe andare in Francia e fare WOOFing. - She wants to travel? She could go to France and do WOOFing. Il passato io avrei potuto noi avremmo potuto tu avresti potuto voi avreste potuto lui, lei, Lei avrebbe potuto loro, Loro avrebbero potuto Avrei potuto dirtelo, ma ho pensato non fossi pronta. - I could have told you, but I thought you weren’t ready.Avrebbe potuto scrivere almeno una e-mail! - She could have written at least one e-mail!

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Poverty - Essay Example The same case applies to her citizens (Geoffrey, 2004). When America as a country is able to see the real faces of poverty; she will be able to see the need for stepping in and helping the poor countries. The very first motivation will be for humanitarian reasons. Thus, just like individuals who give their money for charity, America will see the need that it has a moral duty to assist people who are in other countries and are suffering from the devastating effects of drought, famine, disease as well as war. America also being the world’s superpower ought to donate money for not only her political ambitions but also diplomatic ones. America definitely wants to sustain a dependency relationship with the recipient countries or rather to basically influence the direction as well as the government of a given country. The other main reason why seeing the real faces of poverty is important to America as a country and to Americans as individuals is for economic reasons .America may be interested in controlling the supply of such commodities like water, wheat as well as oil. America may also alternatively want to guarantee markets for their own home made products, such as shoes, heavy machinery, computers as well as planes. This is a critical reason why America should be at the forefront of supporting poor countries and not just turning a blind eye to them. American businesses as well as entrepreneurs need poor countries as much as they need them. America may also be interested in seeing the real faces of poverty so that through her influence of global affairs, she can facilitate opening up of trade barriers so as to assist poor countries sell their products more easily, conveniently as well as profitably. On this same vein, America can see to it that punitive subsidies are removed so as to facilitate importation of products from poor nations; thus ensuring fair play and healthy competition. America as a global superpower

Internet use for business -Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet use for business -Chapter 6 - Essay Example The basic use of internet for businesses is buying and selling of goods and services by creating E-commerce websites to sell their goods from cell phone contacts to CDs and books. Online eliminates the need of business store and in most case no holding an inventory. A business can also buy some items and services, such as bulk-buying or printed materials online by use of internet. Customers purchasing trends and interests are monitored by business owners on the internet. To find out what people think every day about a particular goods or service, owners of business can visit message boards and online networking sites. Feedback on this enables the business owners to improve on their products , for example, business owners can find out what car enthusiasts wants by visiting car forums or use internet to connect and communicate with the customers on websites. Businesses also use internet to discover new customers through advertising online. Internet enables the advertisers to reach possible customers quickly and efficiently. Pay-pr click advertisements are circulated on internet search engines and websites, to allow owners of the business to reach the potential customers using search terms allied to their business. The affordability and reach of internet advertising makes even smallest business owners in a position to compete with big businesses. When economic conditions get worse, IT must continue to perform at the same level with little money and fewer resources, all while IT remaining compliant. For the IT managers to get the visibility they need to: Internet has enhanced practices like telephone marketing and other support services like fax, direct sells among others. These are ways which facilitates relations in the industries and allow smooth movement of information among people. For example, lowering of prices to attract more customers can be advantageous for a short period of time before the

Patient educational plan for larry garcia Term Paper

Patient educational plan for larry garcia - Term Paper Example The determination of interventional ways to fill the education gaps is, therefore, timely and necessary in protecting the health of the patient from further deterioration. For patients to have a sense of personal belonging to any health or disease interventions prepared for them, it is important to directly involve them. For this reason, the patient’s educational plan is prescribed that spells out specific roles to be played by both the patient and practitioner. An introduction to the disease process High blood pressure is one of the vascular regulatory system related diseases that proceeds in a manner that â€Å"the mechanisms that usually control arterial pressure within a certain (normal) range are altered† (Medi-Info, 2012). Medically, what this means is that there is a misplacement of the correct means by which arterial pressure is expected to function. Due to this misplacement, the arterial pressure is often identified to be operating out of range. The mechanisms responsible for controlling the arterial pressure are diverse and interrelated in function (Wierbicky, 2008). Some of these include but are not limited to the central nervous system, extracellular volume and renal pressor system (Medi-Info, 2012). ... The subsequent reaction to such displaced function is that there will be â€Å"increased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance† (Medi-Info, 2012). As this becomes uncontrolled at an early stage, there is the elevation of the arterial pressure, which subsequently reduces cerebral perfusion and cerebral oxygen supply by greater proportion (Selius & Subedi, 2008). As the process leads on, there will be an eventual decrease in the blood flow to the kidneys with oxygenation of the kidney also affected because of an increase of myocardial workload (Medi-Info, 2012). Age and developmental issues The education plan for the patient considerably emphasizes age and development issues. This is because age and development have been identified as some of the worst risk factors associated with high blood pressures (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Since the age and development processes of the patient cannot be controlled or stopped in any way, the approach to be taken is to identify with th e patient how age and development increase the risk of high blood pressure. Such an education would create an awareness of ‘no escape’ and, therefore, of ‘prevention’ as the only solution. This is to say that when the patient is educated concerning the fact that his growing age will increase his risk of contracting high blood pressure and that there is nothing he can do about the fact, he will take preventive measures seriously. The following reasons will be given to the patient as to why his age and development will increase the chances of getting high blood pressure: the fact that there is generally less activeness in the body as a result of ageing; hardening of the arteries; decrease in the functioning of the kidney; body’ refusal to process salt eaten; and the fact that

Achieving Operational Excellence with JIT (Just in Time)

Achieving Operational Excellence with JIT (Just in Time) The main method used in the race to gain Operational Excellence is JIT (Just in Time). JIT is an inventory strategy that Slack (1998) describes as producing goods and services exactly when they are needed The introduction of JIT (Just in Time) in Japan in the 1950s and early 1960s proved successful for the Toyota Motor Company and rapidly spread to further manufacturing plants. This report will explore JIT in further detail and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of employing such techniques in a range of manufacturing plants however there will be a large focus on Nissan Manufacturing UK. There is a range of planning and control techniques that can be implemented along side JIT to enhance the approach and can be fundamental to the overall success of JIT. They all stem from similar philosophical views of JIT. The author will be conducting research into the following methods some of which fall under the umbrella term Lean Manufacturing. This will also be explored in further detail in this report: MRPI (Materials Requirement Planning) or as it is now known as MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning). MRP is a system that oversees planning and inventory control. It ensures materials and resources are available when needed for production. It calculates the rate of end productivity being created from the line. Through the employment of JIT delivery of materials and interlinked delivery schedules, the MRP system manages the stock level so there is the lowest amount of inventory possible. Total Quality Management (JIT/TQM) is a method that emphasises the importance of quality management in all process in the organisation. Flynn (1995) believes the use of TQM practices leads to improved JIT performance by reducing manufacturing process variance. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) refers to the reduction of unplanned breakdowns by careful maintenance. It focuses on carefully structured maintenance procedures that reduce the possibility of down time due to malfunctioning of machinery. Cua (2001) states that TPM has†¦an indirect relationship through JIT with low cost, high levels of quality and strong delivery performance Setup Reduction (SUR) has a purpose of reducing the time, effort, and cost associated with changing a process from one activity to another Slack (1998). This involves reviewing the simple mechanical changes carried out on the line and making them more efficient using an array of methods that will be discussed in this report. Kanban is Japanese for card or signal. It is known for being pull-based planning of inventory control in comparison to the push-based planning of MRP. Slack (1998) describes Kanban in its simplest terms is a card used by a customer stage to instruct its supplier stage to send more materials This report will go into detail about the different types of Kanban and how they work along side JIT. The Authors Background Whilst working in the IT department at Nissan Sunderland during a placement year the author became very interested in the logistics and operational side of the company. Before Nissan, the author had no concept of how a company would go about implementing procedures and methods that would be operating in the factory to obtain optimum end results. The methods Nissan use to promote Operational Excellence were especially apparent during the year of 2008 which has been one of the most difficult and challenging years for all involved due to the economic climate, however it proved especially demanding for car manufacturers. The author was witness to redundancy, cut backs, and labour flexibility all of which were emergency policies in response to the economic climate to ensure the companys future. JIT was especially imperative during this time period as car sales severely declined. As Nissan had taken the JIT approach to their manufacturing it meant they did not have a large amount of stock that had been paid for but could not be utilised in the manufacturing of cars due to very few orders. Nissan utilises JIT and many of the methods mentioned in the introduction which will all be investigated to allow the author to evaluate how they enable a company to obtain operational excellence. Literature review Duggan (2007) describes Operational Excellence at operationalemployee level as being when each and every employee can see the flow of value to the customer, and fix that flow when it breaks down. However Glass (2008) describes Operational Excellence in wider context and believes it involves the company establishing a business-wide vision, measuring process performance against ideal and involving cross-sections of people in developing and implementing solutions. Accenture define Operational Excellence as sustaining operational performancethrough continuous improvement Continuous improvement can also be known as the Japanese word Kaizen which directly translated stands for Change and Good. The philosophy of Kaizen believes in continuing improvement involving everyone Kaizen Institution (2009). Companies need to take a Kaizen approach if they wish to pursue their end goal of achieving operational excellence. Smith (2002) believes that taking a Kaizen approach has helped many firms all across the globe to achieve better operational excellence and improve their productivity. Through the introduction of Kaizen in Nissan factories Nissan believe Failure is no longer viewed as a negative but as an opportunity for reflection, re-evaluation and the foundation for improvement NMUK (2009) and the improvements now highlighted in the company are the result of very small Kaizen activities rather than huge company wide activities. NMUK ( 2009) Kaizen however can also be viewed in a negative light; Corrigan (2005) believes it fails to reach the right diagnosis about the nature of the problem Nick Rich who held Toyotas Elite Scholarship in Japan and is now a Director of the innovative manufacturing research centre based at Cardiff University, also holds a negative stance on the philosophy of Kaizen stating Kaizen just pushes the problem around the plant never getting the source of the issue and upsetting most people who come to work to do a good job. Mackle (2009) believes to use Kaizen may have a part to play in the implementation of change: it is not the right tool for analysing what to change or designing what to change to. Lean Manufacturing is a common method of improving manufacturing operations. It is described as being A systematic approach to identifying and eliminating waste through continuous improvement by flowing the product at the demand of the customer. ProcessPro Software (2009) Strategos Consultancy (2009) believes Lean Manufacturing also refers to manufacturing without waste. This waste or muda as it is known in Japan can be measure by various factors: obsolete inventory, preventable processing steps, unnecessary transportation of goods or people, time delays and poor quality of good. Most companies waste 70%-90% of their available resources. Even the bestLean Manufacturers probably waste 30%. TimeCompression.com (2004) Lean production is the name given to a group of highly efficient manufacturing techniques developed (mainly by large Japanese companies) in the 1980s and early 1990s. Lean production was seen as the third step in an historical progression, which took industry from the age of the craftsman through the methods of mass production and into an era that combined the best of both. It has been described as the most fundamental change to occur since mass production was brought to full development by Henry Ford early in the 20th century. Economist.com (2009) Manufacturing companies are using the fall in sales due economic downturn as a chance to reassess their manufacturing procedures and look for opportunities to improve their Lean Manufacturing methods. Operational Excellence can be measured by a variety of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) that are dependant on the company striving to meet all the agreed best practises. Traditional measures of lead time, on-time delivery, and quality are all good because they will support flow. To help build operational excellence, here are a few new ones: The amount of suppliers on a formal connections (as a percentage higher is better) The amount of suppliers with a formal alert system (as a percentage higher is better) The number of alerts that occur (at first, higher is better, as the problems are being made visible) The number of customer impacts from the supply chain (as a percentage lower is better) Duggan K (2006). Quality in delivery All our deliveries will be of the predefined quality and will always cover the full scope. Cost-efficiency All our assignments and undertakings will always be as cost-efficient as possible. We will proactively suggest measures to cut costs and use efficient tools and methods to deliver at the required cost. Commitment to delivery All our deliveries will be on time. Sigma Kudos (2009) THE HISTORY OF LEAN MANUFACTURING QUOTES JAMES P WOMACK JIT is the most common pull manufacturing process. The basic method is that production at one level only happens when triggered by a request at the higher level, for example components are pulled onto the production line when activated by a customer order on a website. Hutchins (1999) explains JIT as being The term used to indicate that a process is capable of instant response to demand without the need for any overstocking, either in expectation of the demand being forthcoming or as a result of inefficiencies in the process How does the implementation of JIT meet Operational Excellence? What other methods can be used alongside JIT to achieve Operational Excellence? Aim of the project This aim of this report is to research and evaluate how manufacturing plants use JIT and other lean manufacturing techniques to achieve Operational Excellence. Objectives of this Report: * To identify what Lean Manufacturing is. * To determine the methods used in Lean Manufacturing. * To evaluate and assess the methods used in Lean Manufacturing. * To identify how JIT assists manufacturing plants achieve Operational Excellence. * To identify how manufacturing plants measure Operational Excellence. Methodology The author will be conducting secondary research to explore how operational excellence is obtained by implementing lean manufacturing techniques such as JIT. The research found will be investigated to confirm they are from a reputable source and reflect current procedures. Choosing to use secondary research data over primary research data is a wildly debated topic however I feel in this report secondary research is advantageous as the research process can be completed efficiently by the author. Primary research on this topic would be very hard to obtain as it is a specialist topic and is usually overseen by the management of a company based on their private statistics such as profit margins, down time and productivity. Therefore an unobtrusive approach is need for researching this subject area. As qualitative research is an entire research conducted within the boundaries of trustworthiness, transferability, credibility, dependability and confirmability Pickard (2007), the author will be evaluating the source of information for all the aforementioned aspects. The author will be mainly using books and journals for her secondary research. It is important to evaluate the books for possible out dated information as they can sometimes take years to reach publication. It is also imperative to be wary of theoretical slants aimed at the academic market Saunders (2007) Journals may also be written with a bias slant, and not all academic journals are refereed Saunders (2007) therefore the relevance and usefulness will vary. The author will take this into account when conducting her research. This report will be compiled by carrying out qualitative research in order to determine the nature of the issue. The reasoning behind taking this approach is this method allows for multiple perspectives on the phenomena under study. Pickard (2007). It is also because companies can interpret Operational Excellence in various ways dependant on the business end product and the area of focus detailed in their individual policy for Operational Excellence. Therefore specific facts and figures are only relevant to each individual company and cannot be used in comparisons with other manufacturing plants. The aim of this report is to provide a complete, detailed description and evaluation of Operational Excellence and the methods used to achieve this. It is not looking at interpreting low level data and deriving information regarding the subject area. The advantage of using qualitative research is that it seeks to understand other peoples interpretations of the topic and the author will formulate a conclusion from further investigation. It can be a very subjective method of research due to the competitive nature of the manufacturing world and each company claiming to be the leader in the race for Operational Excellence. However through diligent cross examination of books, journals and websites the author will be able to filter out bias views and formulate an objective view. Nissan will be the main case study due to the authors previous work experience position within the company. Nissan will be supplying the author with some of their in-house documents and policies that are used to brief employees, supplier and customer. The author will use cross-case comparisons to support their secondary research findings and the Nissan documentation. In carrying out this comparison the author believes it will provide a solid foundation of knowledge to the topic by identifying similarities and differences. After the author completes careful analytical generalisations based on the cross-case findings this will then provide a broad understanding and insight into the topic.

Sexual Stereotypes and Stereotyping :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Sexual Stereotyping: False Preconceptions and False Conclusions in Blaming Technology       In an excerpt titled "The Feminist Face of Antitechnology" from his 1981 book Blaming Technology, Samuel C. Florman explains why he thinks so few educated women in modern society are engineers.   The excerpt was written shortly after he had visited an all-female liberal arts school, Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, to convince a few young women to become engineers.   His mission failed and his essay makes clear why he had such trouble.       Florman has more than one idea as to why young, educated women shy away from engineering as a career option.   First, he notes that America has inherited much of its culture from England, where engineering has not been considered a high-class occupation.   This is apparently so because engineering did not fully separate from craftsmanship until the mid-nineteenth century.   Florman claims that most young, male engineers come from lower- and lower-middle-class families.   He also claims that most young women who are educated in math and science come from middle- and upper-class families.   For this reason, Florman explains that educated women generally see engineering as being below their social class, and therefore do not pursue it as an option.   He supports his position with a story about how Herbert Hoover, after a long conversation, told a woman that he was an engineer and how she responded,   "Why, I thought you were a gentleman!"1   Florman then turns to the fem inists and asks why they haven't taken the lead in changing this situation.         Florman's main argument against the feminist movement is that it is fueled by a greed for power.   He suggests that women, especially feminists, are attracted to perceivable power, or power which is obvious to the cultural eye.   They want to become doctors, lawyers, and politicians.   The desire for power is also intimately connected with social class, according to Florman.   He sees this as one of the major reasons as to why so few women seek out engineering: they see it as a career without power.   Florman sees women as being "a lot more interested in the privileges than in the responsibilities."   According to him, the "ultimate feminist dream will never be realized as long as women would rather supervise the world than help build it."   Until women strive to understand the technology around them, and help to create it, they will always suffer.

More Technology More Problems

These are some statements that show what the advantages of technology in our lives. Technological change has its advantages and disadvantages. itsolves problems. Modern technology makes life easier more comfortable and more convenient for most people.. However, there are many people who see the advantages of technology. first of all, the products of new technologies like electronic devices are very useful. technology makes the world become smaller. for instance 3G people connected at all times and in all places. ecnology put enjoable materials to our lifes like smart phones; tablets or even mp3 players.. and Companies need to use their competitive advantage in technology. Although the positive influence of technology on our lives is credible but at the same time various drawbacks of technology can not be neglected, technology has so many disadvantages it has created harzards to the health of societies. it damege human relations. for example people dont meet their friends and collater al kins in crowded dining out†¦One disadvantage is that as technology develops, robots a will take over many jobs and people will loose their jobs by contrast. As people loose their jobs, they will have hard time getting money which would make it hard for them to continue to meet living expenses. it will create a large expense to repair them. To sum up even as there are as many advantages ad disadvantages of technology. I personally wish a more advanced world with great technologies. Don’t you think it will be awesome with in 3D to go stores and buy new clothes in our house confortably. I hope these days come within my lifetime.

Film Reveiew – American Beauty

I chose this film due to its difference to conventional filmmaking, as instead of glorifying the main characters, the area and plot, it shows fault and illustrates the main characters as sad and unhappy. I chose to do this review on the opening minutes of the film describing in detail the camera shots and plot, as it would seem to the viewer watching for the first time. The opening scene is a medium shot of the main character's daughter lying on a bed talking. The screen is fuzzy, to give the impression of looking through a video camera. The daughter is talking to someone behind the camera, giving the impression of talking to the viewer or audience. She is talking about how much she dislikes and hates her father (Lester, the main character). This gives the impression of watching a personal film and the viewer is involved, as it appears at first that the character is talking to the audience until the hidden person filming speaks. The scene ends when the character behind the camera offers to kill the girl's father. The screen goes blank and the film title appears in medium red print on a black background, central to the screen. This sudden change from shot is to represent the plot to end a life, as the transition to a blank black screen. The next shot after the title is a top shot of a typical suburban American street on a slow zoom in towards the road. There is a narrative, male voice over of the main character Lester, describing his death. This would appear to fit with the previous scene of the daughter talking about murdering her father This creates a feeling of curiosity and suspense throughout the film, for the viewer, who is waiting to see what could have created such a gap between father and daughter. This effect of giving away the ending in the first scene is very effective in creating constant suspense throughout the film up to the dramatic climax. It has been used in many films and plays including William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. Gradually when the camera zooms in the shot switches to a bird's eye view of the main character lying in his bed, alone. This first shot of him shows him as lonely or incomplete even though he has a family. The camera then changes to a close up of his face, which appears sad and disorientated, further showing his dislike for his current lifestyle. There is then a jump cut to a pair of slippers on the floor next to the bed, being filmed from under the bed. This shot represents an ordered and scheduled lifestyle as the slippers must have been placed neatly next to the bed the previous night. The next frame switches to a medium long shot of the main character (Lester) masturbating in the shower. The effect of this is to shock the audience yet at the same time inspire pity at his frustrated and dull life as he continues to narrate over the film about himself, showing little embarrassment. The next scene is a close up of a Rose flower, which is then cut from the plant by a pair of pruning sheers. The Rose is constantly seen throughout the film, as well as rose petals, however rarely alive. They are usually in vases or on show. The roses, I feel, represent the lifestyle of the family. The rose looks perfect and appears very beautiful however it is dead. The family are similar, as they appear to have everything most people want, their health, nice house, money yet they are not happy. The roses are a constant theme throughout the film, I feel to remind us of the families unhappiness. The next frame sees the camera switch to a medium long shot of Carolyn (the main character's wife) holding the freshly cut rose in her hand. This shot represents that she too was once alive but is now dying inside like the rose. All in all I found this film extremely interesting and thought provoking, I would recommend it to anybody who enjoys twisting plots, amazing acting and some of the most brilliant (and strange) characters in modern day cinema. The slow unravelling of the plot keeps you guessing until the very end of the film, as well as challenging modern day society and depicting modern day family life and the hypocrisy of Suburban America.